Joint replacement surgery is the final treatment method for joints that are severely worn or deformed due to causes such as degenerative arthritis. Degenerative arthritis is a disease that causes pain and limited movement as cartilage wears away over time. While medication or injections can offer temporary relief, there are limitations in addressing the underlying issue.
Therefore, many patients consider surgery. However, the expense, fear, and burden of surgery often lead them to delay or avoid it. Some patients endure pain while taking medication for an extended period. Since this can put a strain on other organs, ultimately, to prevent pain and a decrease in quality of life, patients must undergo joint replacement surgery.
The most important aspect of joint replacement surgery is determining the insertion position for the artificial joint, which fits precisely into the patient's limb alignment after excising the worn joint. Just as each person has different physical characteristics, joints also vary in size and appearance. Previously, the position was determined manually during surgery, but recently, 3D customized joint surgeries and robotic surgeries have emerged. This has significantly improved the accuracy of the surgeries.
3D customized joint surgery involves performing detailed examinations beforehand and simulating the surgery to determine the optimal excision and insertion positions. Based on these results, customized surgical tools are produced using 3D printing for each patient. To draw an analogy, this can be viewed as 'ready-to-wear' versus 'bespoke' clothing. A perfect-fitting bespoke garment is convenient for all aspects of movement. Similarly, 3D customized surgery can achieve optimal results through a tailored approach for the patient's knee.
The most significant change after surgery is pain relief. As the artificial joint replaces the damaged one, the underlying issue caused by degenerative arthritis disappears. In other words, by removing the damaged cartilage, patients experience immediate pain relief. However, even after the pain disappears, there is still a necessary process of adapting to the new artificial joint.
Patients typically spend about 2 to 3 weeks hospitalized and must undergo a rehabilitation process. Rehabilitation is a crucial process that helps the artificial joint integrate well as part of the body, significantly impacting recovery after surgery.
Initially, bending and straightening the knee can be challenging. Patients must forcefully bend the knee and train to straighten it using equipment and rehabilitation. Daily exercises gradually increase the range of motion in the joints, strengthen muscles, and improve balance. This helps maximize the function of the artificial joint and prevent additional injuries or discomfort.
Achieving an angle of 130 degrees in bending the knee through successful rehabilitation is considered ideal. This angle allows a patient to sit comfortably on a bath chair, enabling them to engage in daily activities with minimal discomfort. Even after discharge, it takes at least about three months for symptoms like stitch removal, swelling, and heat sensations to subside. During this period, patients gradually return to their daily lives, and consistent effort and determination in the rehabilitation process are key to recovery.
For long-term recovery, weight management and regular exercise are important. Excess weight can put pressure on the artificial joint. Care should be taken to avoid placing excessive strain on the knee. Additionally, regular check-ups at the hospital are necessary to maintain healthy joint conditions.
Although joint replacement surgery greatly helps relieve pain and enhance quality of life, failing to carry out proper rehabilitation and management after surgery can make it difficult to achieve the desired recovery. Adapting to the new joint through rehabilitation and long-term management can lead to a better life.