A heat wave is sweeping across the Korean Peninsula, causing a surge in heat-related illnesses. According to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency on the 9th, there were 977 reported cases of heat-related illnesses nationwide from May 15th to July 7th, more than double the number during the same period last year. The estimated number of heat-related deaths has risen from 3 to 7.
Heat-related illness is an acute condition that occurs when the body is exposed to hot environments for long periods, resulting in symptoms such as headache, dizziness, muscle cramps, fatigue, and loss of consciousness. It occurs when the body loses fluids and salts during the sweating process that dissipates heat.
Heat-related illnesses include heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat exhaustion, also known as sunstroke, occurs when body temperature rises to between 37 and 40 degrees Celsius, causing symptoms like headache, vomiting, and dizziness. As the person does not lose consciousness, prompt cooling of the body and hydration can lead to recovery.
Heat stroke is a heat-induced form of stroke. The body's temperature regulation center can become temporarily damaged, leading to an inability to sweat. Body temperature often exceeds 40 degrees Celsius, causing loss of consciousness. If not treated in time, it can lead to problems with the brain and heart, and in severe cases, death. It is estimated that most of the patients who died from heat-related illnesses in the country are likely due to heat stroke.
If heat stroke is suspected, it is imperative to contact 119 for rapid transport to a medical facility. While waiting for 119, the patient should be moved to a cool place and cooled down with a towel moistened with lukewarm water. Splashing water on the body or applying ice to the neck and armpits can also help. Using a liability or fan to help cool down is another method.
The elderly are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses as their ability to detect heat diminishes. This year, one in three heat-related illness patients is over the age of 65. Additionally, 81% of heat-related illnesses occurred outdoors. Those working in construction, farming, or delivering parcels need to be cautious.
To prevent heat-related illnesses, it is advisable to avoid outdoor work from noon to 5 p.m. when the sun is strongest. Yoo Ji-young, a professor in the Department of Family Medicine at Korea University Guro Hospital, noted that 'if work must be done during this period, breaks should be taken every 20 to 30 minutes, and hydration should be maintained.' When going out, it is recommended to wear a parasol (umbrella) and a wide-brimmed hat, as well as light-colored, loose clothing.