Korean shipbuilders are changing how they invest and produce overseas. In the past, when booms left them short of production capacity, they spent large sums to acquire or build shipyards abroad. Recently, however, they have been strengthening collaboration by giving work to local shipyards. The shift is seen as a strategy to reduce loss risks from direct investment and respond efficiently to economic swings.
On the 21st, the shipbuilding industry said Samsung Heavy Industries has launched a strategy to boost profitability by strengthening cooperation with overseas shipyards. Samsung will handle design, procurement, and engineering that require technology, while production will be entrusted to foreign shipyards.
For the three crude oil tankers Samsung Heavy Industries won in Liberia in Oct., construction is underway at a Vietnamese shipyard. A vessel won last year from a Greek shipping company is also being built by PaxOcean of Singapore at the Zhoushan shipyard in China. In the United States, it has agreements with Vigor Marine Group on maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO; Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul) for auxiliary support ships, and with Conrad Shipyard on joint construction of LNG bunkering vessels.
HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering, which is pushing a large greenfield (production facility) investment in India, is also reducing risk by expanding collaboration with local firms. HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering entered India in cooperation with Cochin Shipyard Limited, the country's largest state-run shipyard.
The agreement at the time included provisions for the two companies to pursue technology transfer and joint orders and to cooperate in developing India into the world's No. 5 shipbuilding and maritime power. In addition, HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering signed a "business agreement to expand cooperation in the crane business" with BEML, a state-owned enterprise under the Ministry of National Defense.
HD Hyundai, which won Peru's naval shipbuilding project, left production to SIMA, Peru's state shipyard. For HD Hyundai's Subic shipyard in the Philippines, which began operations in Sept., it chose a lease rather than an acquisition. HD Hyundai also took part in building the IMI (International Maritime Industries) shipyard in Saudi Arabia, but plans to own only 20% equity. The project will proceed by receiving royalties for design and technical consulting, not by building ships directly.
Many analysts say shipbuilders' recent shift from direct investment to collaboration with local firms for overseas projects stems from past failures the industry experienced.
In the past, shipbuilders spent large sums to build shipyards directly overseas or acquire local shipyards. Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (now Hanwha Ocean) acquired the Mangalia shipyard in Romania in 1997. STX Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering and Hanjin Heavy Industries (now HJ Shipbuilding & Construction) built shipyards in Dalian, China, and Subic, the Philippines, respectively.
However, these companies' large-scale investments ultimately ended in failure, which snowballed into a management crisis across the companies. The projects were pursued during a global boom, but when the financial crisis began and shipbuilding suffered a severe slump, funding strains deepened. Difficulties in finding skilled local workers and procuring various equipment were also cited as reasons why direct investment failed.
In the case of Hanwha Ocean, which acquired Philly Shipyard in the United States for $100 million (about 150 billion won) last year, many interpret the decision for large-scale direct investment as driven by the U.S. government's strong will to rebuild shipbuilding and the Korean government's full support.
U Jong-hun, a professor in the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering at Seoul National University, said, "Recently, shipbuilders prefer to enter overseas markets by supporting technology for local shipyards and sharing investment risks." He added, "Some corporations make direct investments and others invest through partnerships, and from the government's perspective, the shipbuilding industry's strategic portfolio can be seen as well organized."